变压精馏分离甲苯-乙醇体系的经济最优化设计

甲苯-乙醇体系的共沸组成与相对挥发度对压力比较敏感,可用变压精馏分离该体系。利用Aspen化工流程模拟软件,以年度总费用最小为目标函数,以NRTL为热力学计算模型,采用序贯迭代法确定普通、部分热集成和完全热集成的变压精馏最优工艺参数。结果表明完全热集成更具有优势。     

Steam reforming of ethanol over skeletal Ni‐based catalysts: A temperature programmed desorption and kinetic study

An investigation on reaction scheme and kinetics for ethanol steam reforming on skeletal nickel catalysts is described. Catalytic activity of skeletal nickel catalyst for low‐temperature steam reforming has been studied in detail, and the reasons for its high reactivity for H₂ production are attained by probe reactions. Higher activity of water gas shift reaction and methanation contributes to the low CO selectivity. Cu and Pt addition can promote WGSR and suppress methanation, and, thus, improve H₂ production. A reaction scheme on skeletal nickel catalyst has been proposed through temperature programmed reaction spectroscopy experiments. An Eley‐Rideal model is put forward for kinetic studies, which contains three surface reactions: ethanol decomposition, water gas shift reaction, and methane steam reforming reaction. The kinetics was studied at 300–400°C using a randomized algorithms method and a least‐squares method to solve the differential equations and fit the experimental data; the goodness of fit obtained with this model is above 0.95. The activation energies for the ethanol decomposition, methane steam reforming, and water gas shift reaction are 187.7 kJ/mol, 138.5 kJ/mol and 52.8 kJ/mol, respectively. Thus, ethanol decomposition was determined to be the rate determining reaction of ethanol steam reforming on skeletal nickel catalysts. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J 60: 635–644, 2014     

生物燃料乙醇分壁塔萃取精馏新工艺的研究

针对生物燃料乙醇生产中的"蒸馏-脱水"过程,建立基于分壁式萃取精馏塔的三塔工艺和两塔工艺,对2种工艺进行模拟计算,比较其分离效果和过程能耗。结果显示,在满足产品质量的前提下,三塔工艺比两塔工艺节约66.6%的冷凝器热负荷和77.9%的再沸器热负荷。对三塔工艺的分壁式萃取精馏塔的工艺条件进行优化,优化结果为,主塔回流比1.5,溶剂比1.0,原料进料位置为第22块板,隔板底端位置在第28块板,气相分配比为8.4。在优化工艺条件下对三塔工艺进行全流程模拟,可得到质量分数99.96%生物燃料乙醇和99.49%的水,回收萃取剂乙二醇质量分数为99.97%。     

加盐萃取精馏分离乙醇—水体系的研究进展

乙醇在化工、医药和电子等领域有广泛的应用,燃料乙醇作为可再生能源,已成为世界各国新型能源研发的重点。加盐萃取精馏是在溶盐精馏和萃取精馏的基础上发展起来,目前加盐萃取精馏是分离乙醇—水体系的重要方法。本文将分别介绍溶盐精馏和萃取精馏,以及加盐萃取精馏分离乙醇—水体系的研究现状及发展前景。     

蒸汽递减在造气的成功运用

介绍该厂间歇式固定床制气采用蒸汽递减技术的情况,并比较了采用蒸汽递减前后蒸汽消耗、煤气组成、氨产量、操作参数等指标。     

大型化工厂高压蒸汽减温减压联锁改造

阐述了调解大型化工厂高压蒸汽与中压过热蒸汽的稳定对于化工企业的重要性。修改设计存在的蒸汽调解及联锁逻辑弊端,为蒸汽动力的平稳输送奠定了基础,保证了化工企业的生产连续性,提高了经济效益。     

三塔精馏工艺应用总结

针对200kt/a焦炉气制甲醇装置三塔精馏系统原始开车初期出现的诸多问题,采取相应的处理措施及优化操作后,效果良好。     

吹风气潜热回收系统检修及工艺调整经验总结

分析吹风气潜热回收锅炉副产蒸汽产量下降的原因。利用大修机会,采取清除燃烧炉、烟道、静电除尘等系统积灰,更换对流管,检修后调整工艺指标等措施,降低系统阻力,提高锅炉产汽量。     

200kt/a甲醇精馏系统的优化设计

以粗甲醇为原料,采用四塔精馏工艺,基于Aspen Plus工艺模拟软件,对甲醇精馏系统进行模拟优化设计及塔器水力学计算;运用EDR换热器设计软件,对本装置的换热器进行选型计算。模拟计算结果表明,精甲醇产品纯度为99.99%(wt)、甲醇收率为99.67%、蒸汽单耗为1.09t、循环冷却水单耗为83.24t,产品质量符合GB 338-2011国标优等品及美国联邦AA级标准质量要求,装置能耗水平达到国内先进水平。     

我国油田废水处理工艺的现状及研究进展

油田废水处理中包括回注水处理,稠油油田采出水回用注汽锅炉处理,油田外排水处理三大应用方向。本文从油田回注水除油除悬浮物,稠油废水阻垢缓蚀、脱硫消毒,生物法处理油田外排水几个方面介绍了国内外油田废水处理的新技术、工程实例及发展方向。